historiography saying that paganism was defeated 
by Judaeo-Christianity. I say that that’s false, that 
paganism was driven underground and has 
erupted again at three key moments: one of them 
was the Renaissance, most people would agree 
with that, that it was in some sense a revival of 
Greco-Roman motifs and learning; then I say it was 
at Romanticism with the eruption of the Dionysian­
Chthonian element, the Dynomic from 
underground. Now the third eruption is that of 
modern mass media. That is what I’m saying: 
modern popular culture is all the repressed pagan 
content of western civilization and has erupted. 
That’s why I call the 20th century the age of